Despite their promising potential, iPSCs face several challenges and limitations. The reprogramming process is not entirely efficient, and the resultant iPSCs can exhibit genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. The use of viral vectors to introduce Yamanaka factors raises concerns about genomic integration and potential oncogenic transformations. Moreover, iPSCs may retain epigenetic memory of their tissue of origin, which can influence their differentiation potential and functionality. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the safe and effective application of iPSCs in clinical settings.
