Researchers use a variety of techniques to study the ER, including:
Microscopy: Electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy are used to visualize the structure and dynamics of the ER within cells. Biochemical assays: These include techniques to measure enzyme activities, protein folding, and lipid synthesis within the ER. Genetic manipulation: Techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA interference are used to study the functional role of specific ER proteins by creating knock-out or knock-down models.
