The ER interacts closely with other cellular organelles to maintain cellular function and homeostasis. For instance:
Golgi apparatus: Proteins synthesized in the rough ER are transported to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles for further modification, sorting, and packaging. Mitochondria: The ER and mitochondria are connected through membrane contact sites, which facilitate the exchange of lipids and calcium ions between these organelles. Plasma membrane: Lipids synthesized in the smooth ER are incorporated into the plasma membrane, thereby maintaining its integrity and fluidity.
