A variety of techniques are used to detect and measure apoptosis. These include flow cytometry, which can quantify apoptotic cells by detecting annexin V binding to phosphatidylserine, and TUNEL assays, which label DNA breaks typical of apoptosis. Other methods such as Western blotting and ELISA are used to measure the levels of apoptotic markers like caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. These tools are crucial for understanding the extent and impact of apoptosis in different tissues and conditions.
