Mitosis is tightly regulated by a complex network of proteins and signaling pathways to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. Key regulators include:
Cyclins and Cyclin-dependent Kinases (CDKs): These proteins control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by phosphorylating target proteins. Checkpoints: These are control mechanisms that ensure each phase of mitosis is completed accurately before moving on to the next phase. Important checkpoints include the G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Tumor Suppressors: Proteins like p53 play a role in preventing uncontrolled cell division by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis if DNA damage is detected.
