Glycolysis consists of 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions divided into two phases: Preparatory Phase
Hexokinase: Phosphorylates glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Phosphoglucose Isomerase: Converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Phosphofructokinase-1: Phosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Aldolase: Cleaves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Triose Phosphate Isomerase: Converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Payoff Phase
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: Converts glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, producing NADH. Phosphoglycerate Kinase: Converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, generating ATP. Phosphoglycerate Mutase: Converts 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate. Enolase: Converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Pyruvate Kinase: Converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, generating ATP.
