Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a balance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, often triggers the angiogenic switch by stabilizing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF), which upregulates VEGF. On the other hand, molecules such as Thrombospondin-1 and Endostatin act as inhibitors, preventing uncontrolled vessel growth.
